MySQL存储过程之事务管理
ACID:Atomic、Consistent、Isolated、Durable 存储程序提供了一个绝佳的机制来定义、封装和管理事务。 1，MySQL的事务支持 MySQL的事务支持不是绑定在MySQL服务器本身，而是与存储引擎相关：Java代码
MyISAM：不支持事务，用于只读程序提高性能
InnoDB：支持ACID事务、行级锁、并发
Berkeley DB：支持事务
Java代码
READ UNCOMMITTED：最低级别的隔离，通常又称为dirty read，它允许一个事务读取还没commit的数据，这样可能会提高性能，但是dirty read可能不是我们想要的
READ COMMITTED：在一个事务中只允许已经commit的记录可见，如果session中select还在查询中，另一session此时insert一条记录，则新添加的数据不可见
REPEATABLE READ：在一个事务开始后，其他session对数据库的修改在本事务中不可见，直到本事务commit或rollback。在一个事务中重复select的结果一样，除非本事务中update数据库。
SERIALIZABLE：最高级别的隔离，只允许事务串行执行。为了达到此目的，数据库会锁住每行已经读取的记录，其他session不能修改数据直到前一事务结束，事务commit或取消时才释放锁。
Java代码
SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL {READ UNCOMMITTED | READ COMMITTED | REPEATABLE READ | SERIALIZABLE}
Java代码
START TRANSACTION：开始事务，autocommit设为0，如果已经有一个事务在运行，则会触发一个隐藏的COMMIT
COMMIT：提交事务，保存更改，释放锁
ROLLBACK：回滚本事务对数据库的所有更改，然后结束事务，释放锁
SAVEPOINT savepoint_name：创建一个savepoint识别符来ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT
ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT savepoint_name：回滚到从savepoint_name开始对数据库的所有更改，这样就允许回滚事务中的一部分，保证更改的一个子集被提交
SET TRANSACTION：允许设置事务的隔离级别
LOCK TABLES：允许显式的锁住一个或多个table，会隐式的关闭当前打开的事务，建议在执行LOCK TABLES语句之前显式的commit或rollback。我们一般所以一般在事务代码里不会使用LOCK TABLES
Java代码
CREATE PROCEDURE tfer_funds
(from_account int, to_account int, tfer_amount numeric(10,2))
BEGIN
SET autocommit=0;
UPDATE account_balance SET balance=balance-tfer_amount WHERE account_id=from_account;
UPDATE account_balance SET balance=balance+tfer_amount WHERE account_id=to_account;
COMMIT;
END;
Java代码
CREATE PROCEDURE tfer_funds
(from_account int, to_account int, tfer_amount numeric(10,2))
BEGIN
START TRANSACTION;
UPDATE account_balance SET balance=balance-tfer_amount WHERE account_id=from_account;
UPDATE account_balance SET balance=balance+tfer_amount WHERE account_id=to_account;
COMMIT;
END;
Java代码
ALTER FUNCTION
ALTER PROCEDURE
ALTER TABLE
BEGIN
CREATE DATABASE
CREATE FUNCTION
CREATE INDEX
CREATE PROCEDURE
CREATE TABLE
DROP DATABASE
DROP FUNCTION
DROP INDEX
DROP PROCEDURE
DROP TABLE
UNLOCK TABLES
LOAD MASTER DATA
LOCK TABLES
RENAME TABLE
TRUNCATE TABLE
SET AUTOCOMMIT=1
START TRANSACTION
Java代码
CREATE PROCEDURE nested_tfer_funds
(in_from_acct INTEGER,
in_to_acct INTEGER,
in_tfer_amount DECIMAL(8,2))
BEGIN
DECLARE txn_error INTEGER DEFAULT 0;
DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR SQLEXCEPTION BEGIN
SET txn_error=1;
END
SAVEPINT savepint_tfer;
UPDATE account_balance
SET balance=balance-in_tfer_amount
WHERE account_id=in_from_acct;
IF txn_error THEN
ROLLBACK TO savepoint_tfer;
SELECT 'Transfer aborted';
ELSE
UPDATE account_balance
SET balance=balance+in_tfer_amount
WHERE account_id=in_to_acct;
IF txn_error THEN
ROLLBACK TO savepoint_tfer;
SELECT 'Transfer aborted';
END IF:
END IF;
END;
Java代码
SELECT select_statement options [FOR UPDATE|LOCK IN SHARE MODE]
Java代码
mysql > CALL tfer_funds(1,2,300);
ERROR 1213 (40001): Deadlock found when trying to get lock; try restarting transaction
Java代码
CREATE PROCEDURE tfer_funds3
(from_account INT, to_account INT, tfer_amount NUMERIC(10,2))
BEGIN
DECLARE local_account_id INT;
DECLARE lock_cursor CURSOR FOR
SELECT account_id
FROM account_balance
WHERE account_id IN (from_account, to_account)
ORDER BY account_id
FOR UPDATE;
START TRANSACTION;
OPEN lock_cursor;
FETCH lock_cursor INTO local_account_id;
UPDATE account_balance
SET balance=balance-tfer_amount
WHERE account_id=from_account;
UPDATE account_balance
SET balance=balance+tfer_amount
WHERE account_id=to_account;
CLOSE lock_cursor;
COMMIT;
END;
Java代码
CREATE PROCEDURE tfer_funds
(from_account INT, to_account INT,tfer_amount NUMERIC(10,2),
OUT status INT, OUT message VARCHAR(30))
BEGIN
DECLARE from_account_balance NUMERIC(10,2);
START TRANSACTION;
SELECT balance
INTO from_account_balance
FROM account_balance
WHERE account_id=from_account
FOR UPDATE;
IF from_account_balance>=tfer_amount THEN
UPDATE account_balance
SET balance=balance-tfer_amount
WHERE account_id=from_account;
UPDATE account_balance
SET balance=balance+tfer_amount
WHERE account_id=to_account;
COMMIT;
SET status=0;
SET message='OK';
ELSE
ROLLBACK;
SET status=-1;
SET message='Insufficient funds';
END IF;
END;
Java代码
CREATE PROCEDURE tfer_funds
(from_account INT, to_account INT, tfer_amount NUMERIC(10,2),
OUT status INT, OUT message VARCHAR(30) )
BEGIN
DECLARE from_account_balance NUMERIC(8,2);
DECLARE from_account_balance2 NUMERIC(8,2);
DECLARE from_account_timestamp1 TIMESTAMP;
DECLARE from_account_timestamp2 TIMESTAMP;
SELECT account_timestamp,balance
INTO from_account_timestamp1,from_account_balance
FROM account_balance
WHERE account_id=from_account;
IF (from_account_balance>=tfer_amount) THEN
-- Here we perform some long running validation that
-- might take a few minutes */
CALL long_running_validation(from_account);
START TRANSACTION;
-- Make sure the account row has not been updated since
-- our initial check
SELECT account_timestamp, balance
INTO from_account_timestamp2,from_account_balance2
FROM account_balance
WHERE account_id=from_account
FOR UPDATE;
IF (from_account_timestamp1 <> from_account_timestamp2 OR
from_account_balance <> from_account_balance2) THEN
ROLLBACK;
SET status=-1;
SET message=CONCAT("Transaction cancelled due to concurrent update",
" of account" ,from_account);
ELSE
UPDATE account_balance
SET balance=balance-tfer_amount
WHERE account_id=from_account;
UPDATE account_balance
SET balance=balance+tfer_amount
WHERE account_id=to_account;
COMMIT;
SET status=0;
SET message="OK";
END IF;
ELSE
ROLLBACK;
SET status=-1;
SET message="Insufficient funds";
END IF;
END$$
Java代码
1，保持事务短小
2，尽量避免事务中rollback
3，尽量避免savepoint
4，默认情况下，依赖于悲观锁
5，为吞吐量要求苛刻的事务考虑乐观锁
6，显示声明打开事务
7，锁的行越少越好，锁的时间越短越好